Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts your files and demands payment — usually in cryptocurrency — to unlock them. While large-scale attacks on hospitals and businesses make headlines, individuals are targeted too, often through the same phishing emails and malicious downloads used in other scams.
Opening an infected email attachment, often disguised as an invoice, delivery notice, or official-looking document.
Downloading pirated software or clicking malicious ads that silently install the malware.
Clicking a malicious link in a phishing message that triggers a background download.
Keep regular backups of important files, stored somewhere disconnected from your main device (an external drive not permanently plugged in, or a reputable cloud backup service).
Keep your operating system and software updated — many ransomware attacks exploit known, already-patched vulnerabilities.
Use reputable antivirus software and avoid downloading software from unofficial sources.
Never enable macros in an email attachment unless you're certain of its legitimate source.
If you're infected, disconnect the device from the internet immediately to prevent further spread, and do not pay the ransom. Report it to Report Fraud at reportfraud.police.uk and seek advice from the National Cyber Security Centre (ncsc.gov.uk) on recovery options.
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